00:57.3
Wala pa kaming case na natanggap tungkol sa deep fake of female, usually, mga political opposition or human rights defenders
01:11.2
like journalists, activists. Pero tama ka, Christian, na marami kaming nakikita na bullying and harassment
01:19.9
of female opposition leaders or activists or journalists.
01:30.1
So, totoo yun. Na usually, either iniinsulto yung itsura nila and parang ginagawang proxy yung itsura nila
01:40.2
sa ability nila or sa integrity nila. So, I agree with you na it's a big issue that we're also looking at.
01:49.9
So, isa rin sa gusto kong parang i-highlight natin yun. Are we equipped against deep fakes, especially in the upcoming elections?
01:56.5
Kasi, dun po sa mga viewers natin, kung naalala nyo po, isa po sa mga nabiktima nito, although I don't think that was a sophisticated deep fake.
02:04.7
Si dating Senator Leila de Lima, early during the Duterte administration, when she was being attacked from all fronts,
02:14.0
from that administration, isa sa mga pinapalutang nila, meron daw sex video.
02:18.1
And then, yung mga magagaling nating mga kongresista, gusto pa nila ipalabas dun sa mismong hearing sa lower house,
02:28.0
yung di umaray video, sex video daw ni Senator Leila de Lima.
02:33.2
So, pakikita nyo po sa YouTube kung gaano kawalang hiya yung ilang mga kongresista natin noong mga panahon na yun.
02:39.3
So, makikita nyo, isang babaeng politiko, talagang pwedeng balahurain, pwedeng babuyin using that fake video.
02:46.3
So, imagine that was what?
02:48.1
Imagine six years ago or more than five years ago.
02:50.8
E paano po, ang dami ng advances when it comes to, advancements when it comes to this technology.
02:56.1
So, kahit sino pwede mabiktima.
02:58.3
That's my point, ano eh, attorney Jen, no?
03:01.3
Yung readiness natin.
03:03.8
Can you talk a bit, can you talk more about that?
03:07.2
Yung paano ba tayo mas magiging properly equipped when it comes to dealing with something like this?
03:11.9
I think yung first step, yung first step is really to label.
03:15.4
Label a realistic...
03:18.1
...media as made with AI.
03:21.1
Pero, I just want to point out also, Christian, yung point na sinabi mo, very important yan, na equally harmful yung tinatawag nating cheap fakes or shallow fakes.
03:32.3
So, meaning to say, types of media, video, audio, na as you said, inedit lang siya very crudely.
03:39.8
So, hindi nga siya realistic eh.
03:42.4
Alam mo pag nakita mo yung video na pwedeng fake siya.
03:45.5
Or hindi sobrang sophisticated nung technology.
03:48.1
Kung paano siya inedit.
03:49.6
Pero, minsan, sinisirculate yun to spread as part of a bigger narrative about a particular politician or public figure.
03:57.8
So, delikado rin yan, di ba?
04:00.1
Pero, hindi yan deep fake issue.
04:02.3
More of cheap fake and yung narrative surrounding it.
04:05.8
And actually, meron kaming case recently na decision on manipulated media that involves this.
04:14.7
So, dito sa case na to, again, sa US.
04:18.1
Sa si President Biden, parang may video na inedit to make it appear na hinihipuan niya yung chest nung granddaughter niya, nung apo niya.
04:31.7
Pero, did you see that?
04:34.3
Kasi nadibang siya, nadibang siya ng fact checkers like Reuters saying na hindi totoo yun.
04:39.7
False yun, yung video na yun.
04:41.1
Pero, it went viral.
04:43.4
It was shared very widely.
04:45.3
And then, yung totoong nangyari.
04:48.1
Bumoto yung apo niya.
04:50.9
And nilagyan niya ng sticker na I voted.
04:54.7
Pero, parang niloop yung video to make it appear na he was touching or groping his granddaughter's chest.
05:03.0
So, yun, cheap fake yun.
05:04.1
It's not even deep fake.
05:05.3
Pag nakita mo yung video, very obvious na hindi yun totoo.
05:12.3
And then, so yun, delikado rin yun, di ba?
05:18.1
Yung tricky kasi dyan, Christian, is, again, bakit ba sinishare yun, right?
05:23.9
So, dun sa case na yun, sinabi namin na yung fake video na yun, in and of itself, it's not harmful.
05:33.6
Kasi maraming dahilan kung bakit mo pwede ishare yun eh.
05:36.8
And, pero yung importante, dun kasi sa case na yun, yung meta kasi nung time na yun, yung manipulated media policy nila.
05:46.2
Hindi, malabo din eh.
05:48.7
Hindi comprehensive.
05:50.2
So, dun kami nag-focus sa case na yun.
05:52.6
Nag-recommend kami ng policy improvements kung paano nila pwedeng patibayan yung policy, yung unmanipulated media.
06:02.3
Paganyan ba, ano, kumbaga, you're still caught within the framework of this dilemma?
06:08.4
Napaka-word, napaka-verbose ang pagkakasabi ko.
06:13.1
Framework of this dilemma.
06:15.7
Siyara po kayo sa mga viewers natin, ah.
06:17.7
Anong ibig mong sabihin?
06:19.1
Ano yung dilema na, for instance, dating pinagdibatihan yan, di ba?
06:23.3
How far can you go when it comes to dealing with the manipulated content without violating the sacrosanct freedom of expression?
06:34.2
So, under human rights law kasi, and freedom of expression standards,
06:41.8
falsehood or false information,
06:46.6
in and of itself, is protected.
06:49.7
Kasi, again, maraming dahilan.
06:51.2
Kasi nga, di ba, meron tayong teori na may marketplace of ideas.
06:55.5
Kapag nagsabi ka ng something false,
06:58.4
somebody else will debunk you, will correct you,
07:02.1
and eventually, lalabas din yung totoo.
07:06.7
Yan yung very common metaphor na ginagamit natin sa Philippines and also in the US
07:12.6
to think about freedom of expression.
07:15.7
So, merong marketplace.
07:16.6
So, under human rights law,
07:20.3
falsehood or false information is not, in itself, harmful.
07:24.9
Hindi siya dapat tinatanggal.
07:26.7
Kasi, isipin mo, hindi na natin gusto, for example, yung government to tell us ano ba yung totoo at ano yung hindi.
07:33.8
Kasi kung yung government mismo,
07:37.4
pwede niyang i-violate, pwede niyang gawing pretext yun,
07:41.1
pwede niyang gawing excuse yun later on to target critics
07:48.1
So, ayaw din natin yun.
07:49.4
So, falsehood in and of itself is protected under human rights law.
07:54.6
Pero, kaya tititignan natin, merong exceptions yun.
07:58.7
Kung yung false information, as you said a while ago,
08:01.8
it incites violence or it instigates war or it threatens democratic processes.
08:08.6
Basically, kung ina-undermine niya yung karapatan ng ibang tao,
08:11.7
pwedeng malimitahan yung freedom of expression natin.
08:17.4
So, hindi absolute yung freedom of expression.
08:19.8
Pero, kailangan merong guardrails.
08:22.7
Pag ganoon ba automatic takedown, let's say, as far as meta is concerned?
08:26.5
Or, baka naman, pwede siyang gawing less visible sa platform?
08:31.5
So, depende kung ano yung issue dun sa post.
08:36.2
So, just to answer your question, pwedeng hindi removal.
08:39.8
A good example of that is,
08:41.6
this would be graphic content.
08:44.5
So, kung kunyari, ang dami namin nakikita,
08:46.3
especially in armed conflict situations or terrorist situations,
08:50.7
yung mga video ng patay na decapitated or binaril,
08:57.9
violent content na ayaw natin makita,
09:00.9
first for the privacy of the victim,
09:03.0
for the privacy of the people depicted in the video,
09:06.0
but also for users na pwedeng makita yun or ma-expose sa ganong klaseng content.
09:11.6
Pero, merong exception na ni-recommend namin sa meta na kapag sinishare yung ganitong klaseng content in an armed conflict,
09:24.3
like what happened sa Myanmar, ang dami-daming conflict ngayon sa Israel, Palestine,
09:29.3
sa Africa, ang daming parts ng Ethiopia or Sudan, ang daming conflict.
09:34.3
So, minsan, sinishare yan ng mga users na nakita mismo yung violence na ginawa ng police
09:41.5
or ng military or sinishare ng journalists to raise awareness.
09:47.5
So, kailangan may exception.
09:48.9
So, if that exception applies, ang gagawin ng meta is allowed pa rin,
09:55.2
hindi nila i-remove yung video, pero magkakaroon ng warning screen.
09:59.5
I'm sure nakita mo na yan, Christian, right?
10:01.0
Yung minsan, warning, sensitive.
10:03.3
Yes. Bago mag-invisible yung image.
10:06.6
Oo. Or sometimes kailangan may gawin ka sa settings mo para ma-view mo yung video.
10:11.5
So, hindi automatic.
10:13.0
So, ang tinatawag namin dyan, nagdadagdag sila ng friction
10:17.3
bago mo makita yung content, imbis na easily visible or automatically visible.
10:24.1
Kumbaga, yun na yung parang closest that they could get to regulation
10:27.1
without actually delving into regulation.
10:32.0
Ito pala, before I let you go, Jen, no?
10:34.2
Ito maraming nagtatanong sa akin. Tanong ko rin to, no?
10:37.2
Noari merong reklamo ko, noari, someone from the Philippines, from Manila, sa Facebook.
10:41.5
At parang hindi malinaw kasi na yung kakausapin.
10:44.9
Let's say they want to speak with a person, not through the usual channels on Facebook or Meta.
10:53.7
Well, I think, so, yung appeal mechanism, it's really within the platform.
11:01.5
So, if you, for what reason do you want to, so, actually, I cannot, I'm not sure kung
11:08.5
merong company, company, company, company, company, company, company, company, company, company, company,
11:11.0
company, country offices and regional offices ang Meta around the world.
11:15.5
Pero ako mismo hindi ako sigurado kung aling bansa yun or saan sila, ano yung office nila.
11:22.5
So, kami mismo, nalalaman lang din namin yung important information through our cases.
11:29.7
Kasi our cases are our only way to add additional questions.
11:33.8
So, actually, I would suggest na kung meron kayong nakikitang issue, to file cases with us.
11:41.0
Kasi we can help you provide additional accountability from Meta.
11:47.8
Kung nagustuhan nyo po itong video na ito, pakilike at share na lang po para mas parangyay po makakita at makapanood.
11:53.7
Kung gusto nyo po makibalita, follow nyo na rin po ako sa aking mga social media accounts na nakasulat po sa screen.
11:59.6
Pwede rin po kayo magpadala ng super thanks, super like, super chat, at super sticker sa YouTube,
12:04.6
saka Facebook stars po.
12:06.3
Alam nyo po, malayo po mararating ito para makagawa po kami ng mas maraming video
12:11.0
at matutulong po sa pagpapakalat ng tamang impormasyon para sa bawat Pilipino.
12:15.9
Kada like, subscribe, follow, at share ay pagsuporta po sa tunay na independent journalism sa bansa.
12:22.2
Maraming maraming salamat po.
